本文主要写puppet的数据类型中的数值类型和数组的使用,博主puppet为3.8版本,puppet数组的追加功能测试没有成功,官网也没有给出示例,确定是否已经优化或者取消.官网数据类型连接地址
https://docs.puppet.com/puppet/3.8/lang_datatypes.html
puppet的数据类型
目前puppet支持字符串类型、数字、数组、哈希、布尔型、undef和正则表达式.
一、字符串类型
定义字符串需要以双引号("")或单引号('')进行声明,在puppet中默认的数据类型就是字符串类型.
字符窜类型声明注意:
1、不能使用puppet关键字.
2、字符串类型由字母[a-z][A-Z]、数字[0-9]、连接符(-)和下划线(_)组成.
3、建议字符串类型使用utf-8的字符集.
示例(上篇文章的变量定义):
1 2 | $content= "this is file" $content= 'this is file' |
注释:单双引号都可以.
puppet中通过单双引号声明的字符串中,有些特殊字符串定义尾部含有"\",需要使用反斜杠屏蔽字符特殊意义.
如path => c:\data\ #尾部有'\',需要转义.
示例如下:
1 2 | $content= 'c:\data\\' notify { "hostip is $content" :} |
注意:$content='c:\data\\'后如果尾部没有反斜杠'\'转义,会报语法错误.
常见的需要转义的符号:
1 | \$,\",\',\\,\n,\r,\t,\s |
二、数值类型
puppet中支持数值类型,数值类型是指定义成的数值形式的数据,这种数据可以进行加、减、乘、除、与、或、取反等数学运算.在puppet中数值类型包括整数类型、浮点数,当然也支持整数类型运算和浮点数类型运算.
整数类型的计算:
加法运算:
1 2 | $content=7 + 4 notify { "hostip is $content" :} |
agent端更新:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | [root@sh-web1 ~] # puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1505927717' Notice: /Stage [main] /Admin/Exec [selinux] /returns : executed successfully Notice: hostip is 11 Notice: /Stage [main] /Main/Node [sh-proxywebd] /Notify [hostip is 11] /message : defined 'message' as 'hostip is 11' Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.26 seconds |
乘法运算:
1 2 | $content=7 * 4 notify { "hostip is $content" :} |
agent端更新:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | [root@sh-web1 ~] # puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1505927786' Notice: /Stage [main] /Admin/Exec [selinux] /returns : executed successfully Notice: hostip is 28 Notice: /Stage [main] /Main/Node [sh-proxywebd] /Notify [hostip is 28] /message : defined 'message' as 'hostip is 28' Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.29 seconds |
取余运算:
1 2 | $content=7 % 4 notify { "hostip is $content" :} |
agent端更新:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | [root@sh-web1 ~] # puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1505927969' Notice: /Stage [main] /Admin/Exec [selinux] /returns : executed successfully Notice: hostip is 3 Notice: /Stage [main] /Main/Node [sh-proxywebd] /Notify [hostip is 3] /message : defined 'message' as 'hostip is 3' Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.27 seconds |
除法运算:
1 2 | $content=7 / 4 notify { "hostip is $content" :} |
agent端更新:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | [root@sh-web1 ~] # puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1505928069' Notice: /Stage [main] /Admin/Exec [selinux] /returns : executed successfully Notice: hostip is 1 Notice: /Stage [main] /Main/Node [sh-proxywebd] /Notify [hostip is 1] /message : defined 'message' as 'hostip is 1' Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.29 seconds |
浮点数类型运算:
1 2 | $content=7 + 0.4 notify { "hostip is $content" :} |
agent端更新:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | [root@sh-web1 ~] # puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1505927886' Notice: /Stage [main] /Admin/Exec [selinux] /returns : executed successfully Notice: hostip is 7.4 Notice: /Stage [main] /Main/Node [sh-proxywebd] /Notify [hostip is 7.4] /message : defined 'message' as 'hostip is 7.4' Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.27 seconds |
注意:符号不能同时使用;浮点型数据以数字加小数点的形式表达.
错误的示例:
1 2 | $content=7 / .4 notify { "hostip is $content" :} |
1 2 | $content=7 / +4 notify { "hostip is $content" :} |
三、数组
数组的定义:
数组就是将同一类事物按照一定的顺序放到一个集合中,通过定义这个集合来完成对数组中所有的事物的定义,puppet中数组通过方括号来定义,数组中的数据通过","分隔.
puppet通过["value1","value2"]的形式来定义数组,并将定义后的数组赋值给变量.
注意:下面示例包含两种正确写法和一种错误写法,网络有很多博文都在传错误的写法,不知道他们是照抄还是都没自己去写写.
示例:
正确写法(一)
这种算中规中矩的写法,网上很多这样的例子.
1 2 3 4 5 | class php { package {[ "php" , "php-devel" ]: ensure=> "installed" } } |
agent端测试:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | [root@sh-web1 yum.repos.d] # puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1506074734' Notice: /Stage [main] /Admin/Exec [selinux] /returns : executed successfully Notice: /Stage [main] /Php/Package [php] /ensure : created Notice: /Stage [main] /Php/Package [php-devel] /ensure : created Notice: Finished catalog run in 12.77 seconds |
正确写法(二)
下面这种写法也是突发奇想,$packages既然等于数组的元素,那么下面再加[],就又是数组了,这样总是对的吧,测试果然可行.
1 2 3 4 5 6 | class php { $packages=[ "php" , "php-devel" ,] package {[$packages]: ensure=> "installed" } } |
agent端更新:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | [root@sh-web1 yum.repos.d] # puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1506076818' Notice: /Stage [main] /Admin/Exec [selinux] /returns : executed successfully Notice: /Stage [main] /Php/Package [php] /ensure : created Notice: /Stage [main] /Php/Package [php-devel] /ensure : created Notice: Finished catalog run in 31.33 seconds |
错误写法:网络很多数组的定义都是下面这种写法,官网并没有给出数组的调用案例只给了定义数组.
声明php类,安装php软件包.
1 2 3 4 5 6 | class php { $packages = [ "php" , "php-devel" ] package { "$packages" : ensure=> "installed" } } |
agent端测试:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | [root@sh-web1 yum.repos.d] # puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1506077242' Notice: /Stage [main] /Admin/Exec [selinux] /returns : executed successfully Error: Execution of '/usr/bin/yum -d 0 -e 0 -y list phpphp-devel' returned 1: Error: No matching Packages to list Error: /Stage [main] /Php/Package [phpphp-devel] /ensure : change from absent to present failed: Execution of '/usr/bin/yum -d 0 -e 0 -y list phpphp-devel' returned 1: Error: No matching Packages to list Notice: Finished catalog run in 1.01 seconds |
注意报错:puppet把php和php-devel连一起了phpphp-devel.
puppet数组的取值
puppet数组和其他编程语言中的数组一样,下标从0开始.可以将数组赋值给变量,并通过[数组下标]的方式进行取值.
1 2 3 | # cat 2.pp $foo=[ 'one' , 'two' , 'three' ] notice ($foo[1]) #通过notice函数打印$foo数组two的值. |
本地应用:
1 2 3 4 | [root@sh-web1 ~] # puppet apply 2.pp Notice: Scope(Class[main]): two Notice: Compiled catalog for sh-web1.localdomain in environment production in 0.02 seconds Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.01 seconds |
嵌套数组
puppet通过嵌套数组来模拟多维数组,并通过索引的方式访问嵌套数组的值.
通过notice函数打印$foo数组索引为1的two的值.
1 2 3 | [root@sh-web1 ~] # cat 2.pp $foo=[ 'one' ,{ 'two' => 2, 'three' => 3}] notice ($foo[1][two]) |
agent端测试更新:
1 2 3 4 | [root@sh-web1 ~] # puppet apply 2.pp Notice: Scope(Class[main]): 2 Notice: Compiled catalog for sh-web1.localdomain in environment production in 0.02 seconds Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.02 seconds |